magnet is a URI scheme that defines the format of magnet links, a de facto standard for identifying files (URN) by their content, via cryptographic hash value rather than by their location.

Special 26 aka Special Chabbis (2013) 720p BRRip 1GB, Box4Film.comFree Download Film Multi Server, Max Speed.

Although magnet links can be used in a number of contexts, they are particularly useful in peer-to-peer file sharing networks because they allow resources to be referred to without the need for a continuously available host, and can be generated by anyone who already has the file, without the need for a central authority to issue them. This makes them popular for use as 'guaranteed' search terms within the file sharing community where anyone can distribute a magnet link to ensure that the resource retrieved by that link is the one intended, regardless of how it is retrieved.

• 2Design

History[edit]

The standard for Magnet URIs was developed by Bitzi in 2002, partly as a 'vendor- and project-neutral generalization' of the ed2k: and freenet: URI schemes used by eDonkey2000 and Freenet, respectively, and attempts to follow official IETFURI standards as closely as possible. Pc mkv movies hollywood in hindi.

Design [edit]

Magnet URIs consist of a series of one or more parameters, the order of which is not significant, formatted in the same way as query strings that ordinarily terminate HTTP URLs. The most common parameter is 'xt' ('exact topic'), which is generally a URN formed from the content hash of a particular file, e.g.:

This refers to the hex-encoded SHA-1hash (btih, 'BitTorrent info-hash') of the torrent file info section in question. Note that, although a particular file is indicated, an availability search for it must still be carried out by the client application.

The standard also allows for multiple parameters of the same type to be used by appending '.1', '.2', etc. to the parameter name, e.g.:magnet:?xt.1=urn:sha1:YNCKHTQCWBTRNJIV4WNAE52SJUQCZO5C&xt.2=urn:sha1:TXGCZQTH26NL6OUQAJJPFALHG2LTGBC7

Magnet URIs can contain multiple parameters, in any order, separated from each other by &. The format for a tiger tree hashed file therefore looks like:

magnet:?xl=[Size in Bytes]&dn=[file name (URL encoded)]​&xt=urn:tree:tiger:[ TTHhash (Base32) ]

The following parameters are supported:

• dn (Display Name): a filename to display to the user, for convenience
• xl (eXact Length): size in bytes
• xt (eXact Topic): URN containing file hash
• ws (Web Seed): the payload data served over HTTP(S)
• as (Acceptable Source): Web link to the file online
• xs (eXact Source): P2P link identified by a content-hash
• kt (Keyword Topic): a more general search, specifying keywords, rather than a particular file
• mt (Manifest Topic): link to the metafile that contains a list of magneto (MAGMA – MAGnet MAnifest)
• tr (address TRacker): tracker URL for BitTorrent downloads

The standard also allows for application-specific experimental parameters, which must begin with 'x.'

URN, containing hash (xt)[edit]

'xt' ('exact topic'): the most important part of a Magnet link and is used to find and verify the specified files.

Tiger Tree Hash (TTH)

These hashes are used on Direct Connect and G2 (Gnutella2), among others.

xt=urn:tree:tiger:[ TTHHash (Base32) ]

Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1)

These hash sums are used on gnutella and G2 (Gnutella2).

xt=urn:sha1:[ SHA-1Hash (Base32) ]

BitPrint

Such hash sums consist of an SHA-1 Hash, followed by a TTH Hash, delimited by a point; they are used on gnutella and G2 (Gnutella2).

xt=urn:bitprint:[ SHA-1Hash (Base32) ].[ TTHHash (Base32) ]

ED2K (eDonkey2000) hash

These hash sums are used on eDonkey2000.

xt=urn:ed2k:[ ED2KHash (Hex) ]

Advanced Intelligent Corruption Handler (AICH)

Not formal URNs for Magnet links, such hash sums are used by eDonkey2000 to restore and control the integrity of downloading and already downloaded files.

xt=urn:aich:[ aichHash (Base32) ]

Kazaa hash

Used on FastTrack, these hash sums are vulnerable to hash collision attacks.

xt=urn:kzhash:[ KazaaHash (Hex) ]

BitTorrent info hash (BTIH)

These are hex-encoded SHA-1 hash sums of the 'info' sections of BitTorrent metafiles as used by BitTorrent to identify downloadable files or sets of files. For backwards compatibility with existing links, clients should also support the Base32 encoded version of the hash.^[1]

xt=urn:btih:[ BitTorrent Info Hash (Hex) ]

Some clients require Base32 of info_hash (e.g., Vuze).

Message Digest 5 (MD5)

Supported by G2 (Gnutella2), such hashes are vulnerable to hash collision attacks.

xt=urn:md5:[ MD5Hash (Hex) ]

Web links to the file[edit]

There are two types of download links that a Magnet link can include as a direct or backup source.

'as' ('acceptable source')

refers to a direct download from a web server. Regarded as only a fall-back source in case a client is unable to locate and/or download the linked-to file in its supported P2P network(s), most clients treat it equal to the 'xs' token when it comes to priority, and ignore the timeout before contacting 'as' sources denoted by the specs.

as=[ a web link to the file(URL encoded) ]

'xs' ('exact source')

either an HTTP (or HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, etc.) download source for the file pointed to by the Magnet link, the address of a P2P source for the file or the address of a hub (in the case of DC++), by which a client tries to connect directly, asking for the file and/or its sources. This field is commonly used by P2P clients to store the source, and may include the file hash.

Content-Addressable Web URL

This type of RFC2168-based link is used by gnutella as well as G2 applications.^[2]

xs=http://[Client Address]:[Port of client]/uri-res/N2R?[ URN containing a file hash ]

xs=http://192.0.2.27:6346/uri-res/N2R?urn:sha1:FINYVGHENTHSMNDSQQYDNLPONVBZTICF

Link to a DirectConnect hub to find sources for a file

This type of link connects a DirectConnect client immediately to the hub in question.

xs=dchub://[hub address]:[hub port]

Reference to a web-based source cache for a file on Gnutella2

In this case, the included link points, not to a client IP or direct source, but to a source cache which stores the IPs of other clients contacting it to download the same file. Once a client connects to the cache, it is served IPs for alternate sources, while its own IP is stored within the cache and forwarded to the next one connecting to the cache. This system operates similar to a BitTorrent tracker.

xs=http://cache.freebase.be/[ SHA-1hash ]

Reference to an eD2k source

xs=ed2kftp://[client address]:[client port]/[ed2k hash]/[file size]/

Manifest (mt)[edit]

This is a link to a list of links (see list). Perhaps as a web link..

mt=http://weblog.foo/all-my-favorites.rss

Download free out of my comfort zone steve waugh ebook. ..or a URN

mt=urn:sha1:3I42H3S6NNFQ2MSVX7XZKYAYSCX5QBYJ

Keywords (kt)[edit]

This field specifies a string of search keywords to search for in P2P networks.

kt=kilroy+was+here+mp3

Address tracker (tr)[edit]

Tracker URL; used to obtain resources for BitTorrent downloads without a need for DHT support.^[1] The value must be URL encoded.

tr=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fannounce

Supplement format (x.)[edit]

For experimental and self-complementing informal options, the prefix x. followed by a chosen suffix letter can be used. These names are guaranteed to never be standardized.

x.[name of the new parameter]=[data of the new parameter (URL encoded)]

Group settings[edit]

Multiple files and their URNs, names and hashes in the Magnet link can be included by adding a count number preceded by a dot ('.') to each link parameter.

magnet:?xt.1=[ URN of the first file]&xt.2=[ URN of the second file]

Clients[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^ ^abcdDchub://[hubaddress]:[hubport]
2. ^Since v2.5.1.0

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abBEP-9: Extension for Peers to Send Metadata Files
2. ^Chapweske, Justin (November 29, 2001). 'HTTP Extensions for a Content-Addressable Web'. www-talk. W3C.
3. ^'magnet-test.c in trunk/libtransmission; Revision 9531'. Transmission.
4. ^'magnet.c in trunk/libtransmission; Revision 9979'. Transmission.

External links[edit]

• Magnet-URI Project on SourceForge.net, an early definition of the format (last update 2002)
• CHK Freeware Checksum Utility with SHA1-Base32 and ED2K support
• RHash on SourceForge.net, an open source command-line tool, which can calculate Magnet links

Of course the Action Genre existed before Die Hard. After all you had The Terminator, Commando, Top Gun, Roadhouse..but didn't Die Hard absolutely revolutionize the eighties action Genre. It came like a savior and encompassed everything that would blow you right out the back of the theater and made Bruce Willis an absolute idol in the Action world and for good reason. Die Hard had pointless nudity, scores of bad language, bloody death, guns, explosions, a gritty, tough as nails, sweating, dirty hero that takes on everyone with nothing more than a hand gun and his brains. If you watch Willis in Die Hard it's a thing of beauty. His shirt torn off, bare foot, wounds all over him..he looks like he just crawled from a war rather than stalking terrorists through an enormous high rise office building in L.A. The script was so dead on..it was basic, it was to the point, it has great sarcastic humor and one liners that could never be forgotten. And Willis was the man to pull it all together. Add a decent supporting cast, a guy on the ground who is like his partner and a MacGyver style of killing bad guys that will go down in history..THIS IS DIE HARD.
Bruce Willis was brought up right in the Prime of his TV Series Moonlighting where his irresistible charm and personality made him a hit. John McLean was David Addison but with a lot more guts and a lot more ammo. That only made the film more exciting to fans of Willis already. Willis has a way of just making everything edge of your seat and everything believable. Who else could make you smile in fear when he's diving out of a 30 story window attached to a fire hose while the roof of the building is exploding. He really doesn't single handedly make the film..the supporting cast is terrific. Bonnie Bedelia is great as McLean's straight laced, professional and estranged wife. They make an odd yet touching couple. They have some electricity and it's ironic and yet sensible that they don't end up together throughout the series. Still Bedelia is a great female lead and her character is strong and not at all misused in the role. Alan Rickman is just one kick ass bad guy. Can you say anything else?? As terrorist Hans Gruber he is terrifying, evil, brilliant, and you just despise him and you can't wait to see him go up against Willis and he does. He doesn't stand a chance but Rickman is still brilliant as the bad guy. Reginald VelJohnson plays a small yet very important role as Willis' guy on the ground on the other end of a walkie talkie. They don't know each other, and barely know each other's name but yet they become as close as partners and they too are odd together and yet fit. William Atherton has to be mentioned even though it's a very small role, it's Die Hard history that he plays slimy, tabloid reporter Richard Thornburg who gets his just end by Holly McLean's fist which becomes a running joke in the series.
Die Hard is everything that people would look at in disgust now in the new millennium and yet it was everything the eighties stood for when it came to action and heroes. McLean has a cigarette dangling from his mouth, blood pouring everywhere, and a happy ending despite all the destruction around them. If you haven't seen Die Hard you can't ever proclaim yourself an action fan because Die Hard IS action. It's the film every action film strives to live to and will never meet..whether it was before 1988 or after. We won't ever get something like this again. It's an absolute 100% classic!! for all the wrong reasons!! 10/10