But, if there is a service listening on that port, and if that service can be exploited - then it can be. It will pick an unused port on your computer (likely in the 5 range) for the source port and it will pick 80 a. 443 is an SSL/TLS web server; 21 FTP; 22 SSH (secure shell); 445 Microsoft SMB file/fol. My main concern is: Can a person use the open ports 443 and 80 to gain access. Test with some scanning tools and put some whitehat hacker on it to find out.

By default, PaperCut NG/MF listens to ports 9191 and 9192 for HTTP and HTTPS communication respectively. These ports have been selected as they're generally unused by other applications. Because PaperCut NG/MF is a web application, you might want to have the interface available on the standard HTTP and HTTPS ports (80 and 443 respectively). One reason for doing so is to simplify URLs communicated verbally (as the user does not need to supply a port number).

The configuration procedure is different for each operating system. See below for instructions. Important: Before you begin, ensure no other applications (such as IIS, or Apache) are currently installed and using ports 80 or 443 on the server hosting PaperCut NG/MF.

The following directions detail how to enable port 80 in addition to port 9191. Enabling an additional port is recommended over changing the existing port. Port 9191 is also used for server-to-server and client-to-server communication so it's important that this port continue to be made available.

Also make sure you you enable the 80 and 443 firewall ports if users access PaperCut NG/MF across firewall devices.

Windows

1. Open the file: [app-path]serverserver.properties

2. Enable port 80 (and 443) by changing the appropriate settings from N to a Y. They should look like:

   server.enable-http-on-port-80=Y

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   server.enable-https-on-port-443=Y

3. Change the server port in all providers installed on your network. The server port is set in the print-provider.conf file in the provider directory.

4. Change the server port in the User ClientThe User Client tool is an add-on that resides on a user's desktop. It allows users to view their current account balance via a popup window, provides users with the opportunity to confirm what they are about to print, allows users to select shared accounts via a popup, if administrators have granted access to this feature, and displays system messages, such as the 'low credit' warning message or print policy popups. config file:

   [app-path]clientconfig.properties.

   IMPORTANT'>IMPORTANT

   If the client is installed locally on workstations, then change the config file on each workstation. On Linux/Unix systems, the server runs under the privilege of a non-root account. Some systems prevent non-root users from binding to ports lower than 1024. An alternate option is to use kernel level TCP port redirection (e.g. iptables).

5. Restart the Application ServerAn Application Server is the primary server program responsible for providing the PaperCut user interface, storing data, and providing services to users. PaperCut uses the Application Server to manage user and account information, manage printers, calculate print costs, provide a web browser interface to administrators and end users, and much more.. (See Stop and start the Application Server).

6. Test and ensure the web interface is working. e.g. http://[myserver]/admin

Linux

On Linux systems, only privileged programs that run as root can use ports under 1024. In line with security best practice PaperCut runs as a non-privileged user. To enable port 80 and 443, use iptables (or ipchains on old systems) to port-forward 80 to 9191. The following commands provide an example. Consult your distribution's documentation to see how to persist the iptables rules between system restarts:

/sbin/iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING --src 0/0 --dst <server_ip>

-p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9191

/sbin/iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING --src 0/0 --dst <server_ip>

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-p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9192

(These commands would typically be placed in an rc init script or the iptables startup config script as provided by your distribution.)

When you are done, restart the Application Server. (See Stop and start the Application Server).

Mac

The approach on Mac systems is similar to Linux. With the release of Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) and the inclusion of System Integrity Protection (SIP) modifications to /System/ are disabled by default and disabling this feature is not recommended. The following information works for Mac OS X 10.10. For Mac OS X 10.10 and later, the support for the IPFW firewall has been removed in favor of PF.

Mac OS X 10.10

From Mac OS X 10.10, you must use the pfctl command to modify the Mac firewall.

1. Create the anchor file:

   sudo vi /etc/pf.anchors/com.papercut

2. Modify the /etc/pf.anchors/com.papercut file by adding the following lines:

   rdr pass on lo0 inet proto tcp from any to self port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 9191

   rdr pass on en0 inet proto tcp from any to any port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 9191

   rdr pass on en1 inet proto tcp from any to any port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 9191

3. Test the anchor file:

   sudo pfctl -vnf /etc/pf.anchors/com.papercut

4. Add the anchor file to the pf.conf file:

   sudo vi /etc/pf.conf

   Then add in the following lines under each corresponding section - e.g. the rdr-anchor line under the current rdr-anchor line, and the load anchor under the current load-anchor statement:

   rdr-anchor 'port80'

   load anchor 'port80' from '/etc/pf.anchors/com.papercut'

5. Load the pf.conf file automatically at startup by editing the current daemon for pf:

   sudo vi /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.pfctl.plist

   Then within the section detailing the program arguments <key>ProgramArguments</key>, add in an extra string with -e, which enables the config, as per:

   <string>pfctl</string>

   <string>-e</string>

   <string>-f</string>

   <string>/etc/pf.conf</string>

   Then save the file, exit and restart the server to test.

6. To test this method manually (no restart required) you can use the pfctl command:

   sudo pfctl -ef /etc/pf.conf

   This loads and enables the pf.conf file, which then calls the com.papercut anchor file.

7. Restart the Application Server. (See Stop and start the Application Server).

Mac OS X 10.9 and earlier

In Mac OS X 10.9 and earlier, one needs to use the ipfw command to modify the Mac firewall:

sudo /sbin/ipfw add 102 fwd 127.0.0.1,9191 tcp from any to any 80 in

Shodan is a search engine that lets the user find specific types of computers (webcams, routers, servers, etc.) connected to the internet using a variety of filters. Some have also described it as a search engine of service banners, which are metadata that the server sends back to the client.^[1] This can be information about the server software, what options the service supports, a welcome message or anything else that the client can find out before interacting with the server.

Shodan collects data mostly on web servers (HTTP/HTTPS - port 80, 8080, 443, 8443), as well as FTP (port 21), SSH (port 22), Telnet (port 23), SNMP (port 161), IMAP (ports 143, or (encrypted) 993), SMTP (port 25), SIP (port 5060),^[2] and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP, port 554). The latter can be used to access webcams and their video stream.^[3]

It was launched in 2009 by computer programmer John Matherly, who, in 2003,^[4] conceived the idea of searching devices linked to the Internet.^[5] The name Shodan is a reference to SHODAN, a character from the System Shock video game series.^[4]

Background[edit]

The website began as Matherly's pet project, based on the fact that large numbers of devices and computer systems are connected to the Internet. Shodan has since been used to find systems including control systems for water plants, power grids and a cyclotron.^[5][6]

Media coverage[edit]

In May 2013, CNN Money released an article detailing how SHODAN can be used to find dangerous systems on the Internet, including traffic light controls. They show screenshots of those systems, which provided the warning banner 'DEATH MAY OCCUR !!!' upon connecting.^[7]

In September 2013, Shodan was referenced in a Forbes article claiming it was used in order to find the security flaws in TRENDnet security cameras.^[8] The next day, Forbes followed up with a second article talking about the types of things that can be found using Shodan. This included Caterpillar trucks whose onboard monitoring systems were accessible, heating and security control systems for banks, universities, and corporate giants, surveillance cameras, and fetal heart monitors.^[9]

In January 2015, Shodan was discussed in a CSO Online article^[10] addressing its pros and cons. According to one opinion, presented in the article as that of Hagai Bar-El, Shodan actually gives the public a good service, although it highlights vulnerable devices. This perspective is also described in one of his essays.^[11]

In December 2015, various news outlets, including Ars Technica, reported that a security researcher used Shodan to identify accessible MongoDB databases on thousands of systems, including one hosted by Kromtech, the developer of the MacOS security tool MacKeeper.^[12]

Usage[edit]

The website crawls the Internet for publicly accessible devices, concentrating on SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems.^[13] Shodan currently returns 10 results to users without an account and 50 to those with one. If users want to remove the restriction, they are required to provide a reason and pay a fee.^[6] The primary users of Shodan are cybersecurity professionals, researchers and law enforcement agencies. While cybercriminals can also use the website, some typically have access to botnets that could accomplish the same task without detection.^[6]

Popular culture[edit]

Shodan was featured on the American drama series Mr. Robot in October 2017.^[14]

References[edit]

1. ^'SHODAN Help'. SHODAN. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
2. ^'SHODAN FAQ'. SHODAN. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
3. ^Shodan: The IoT search engine for watching sleeping kids and bedroom antics
4. ^ ^abO’Harrow Jr, Robert (June 3, 2012). 'Search engine exposes industrial-sized dangers'. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
5. ^ ^abO’Harrow Jr, Robert (June 3, 2012). 'Cyber search engine Shodan exposes industrial control systems to new risks'. Washington Post. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
6. ^ ^abcGoldman, David (April 8, 2013). 'Shodan: The scariest search engine on the Internet'. CNN Money. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
7. ^Goldman, David (May 2, 2013). 'Shodan finds the Internet's most dangerous spots'. CNN Money. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
8. ^Hill, Kashmir. 'Camera Company That Let Hackers Spy On Naked Customers Ordered By FTC To Get Its Security Act Together'. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
9. ^Hill, Kashmir. 'The Crazy Things A Savvy Shodan Searcher Can Find Exposed On The Internet'. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
10. ^'Shodan exposes IoT vulnerabilities'. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
11. ^'Shodan makes us all more secure'. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
12. ^Degeler, Andrii. '13 million MacKeeper users exposed after MongoDB door was left open'.
13. ^Brinkmann, Martin (April 9, 2013). 'Shodan, a search engine for vulnerable Internet devices'. ghacks.net. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
14. ^''Mr. Robot' Rewind: Hacking a DEF CON CTF in the lights out season 3 premiere'. GeekWire. 2017-10-17. Retrieved 2018-05-17.

External links[edit]

• Official website